ТЕОРІЯ ДЕН СЯОПІНА: ПРАКТИЧНА ФІЛОСОФІЯ ТА ОНОВЛЕНА ІДЕОЛОГІЯ КОМУНІСТИЧНОЇ ПАРТІЇ КИТАЮ

Abstract

The article examines Deng Xiaoping theory, its main provisions, the reasons for its emergence and influence on the official ideology of the Chinese Communist Party in the second half of the 1970s – late 1980s. It is noted that the formation of this theory was justified by the necessity to revive the Chinese economy without significant deviations from the principles of Marxism-Leni-nism and ideas of Mao Zedong, which, thus, ensured the continuity of the official ideology of the Chinese Communist Party during the period of the Reform and Opening-up. The article analyzes the pragmatic approach to the definition of specific methods for the implementation of socio-economic reforms, the rationale for the “primary stage of socialism” as a Chinese model of development, the theoretical definition and practical achievement of communism, “four basic principles” for “four modernizations”. In general, it shows the process of transformation of Marxism-Leni-nism and the ideas of Mao Zedong into the ideology of national development with the aim of building the initial stage of socialism. Within his theory Deng Xiaoping returned to the classical Marxist requirement of building socialism exclusively in a developed capitalist society and, accordingly, directed his ideological program to the development of productive forces (industry and technological base). It is noted that although the Maoist version of Marxism-Leninism was changed significantly by Deng Xiaoping, these changes did not affect the political system of the PRC, which remained an “ideocracy” with a strictly defined monistic ideology, claiming to be an absolute and comprehensive explanation of all aspects of reality. Deng Xiaoping believed that building socialism with Chinese characteristics is possible only under conditions of successful construction of a material and spiritual civilization on the basis of communist ideals. Deng Xiao-ping theory became the ideological basis for further comprehension/rethinking of “socialism with Chinese characteristics” and the implementation of socio-economic reforms as the basis for the development of China (“Chinese model”). Gradually, Deng Xiaoping theory was equated in status with the ideas of Mao Zedong and was defined by the top leadership of China as “building socialism with Chinese characteristics”, as the application of Marxism-Leninism to the specific conditions of China (“Marxism of modern China”), as “a source of socialist modernization” and “a continuation of the ideas of Mao Zedong”. In general, Deng Xiaoping transformed Marxism-Leninism into an ideology of national development, and his concept was proclaimed as the theoretical basis of the PRC’s policy for the next century to build the primary stage of socialism.