CHARAKA SAMHITA. THE FIRST, FOURTH (PARTIAL), FIFTH, AND SIXTH CHAPTERS OF THE FIRST SECTION / TRANSLATION OF THE SANSKRIT AND COMMENTS
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Abstract
This publication presents a Ukrainian translation of the first, fourth (partial), fifth, and sixth chapters of the first section of the comprehensive Sanskrit treatise Charaka Samhita. As it exists today, this text is thought to have arisen in the 1st century CE. Charaka Samhita together with the Sushruta Samhita and the Ashtanga Hridaya are recognized as the “Great Trio” or three basic texts of traditional Indian medicine known as Ayurveda. The authorship of this authoritative work is usually attributed to Charaka, the court physician of the king Kanishka, who ruled the Kushan Empire, an ancient state on the territory of the north Indian subcontinent, Afghanistan, and parts of Central Asia.
The first of the eight sections of Charaka Samhita is called Sūtrasthāna which can be translated as General Provisions. Thirty chapters of this section are divided into seven quads (catuṣka) plus two more chapters.
The first chapter sets forth the story of the appearance of Charaka Samhita, transmitted supposedly to earth by the gods in order to help mankind to deal with the emerging diseases. It also provides a list of divine and earthly ayurvedic teachers’ names and defines the concepts such as life and Ayurveda. This chapter examines a number of specific concepts of philosophical systems Vaisheshika and Nyaya, ayurvedic ideas about the structure of the human body, causes of disease and methods of their elimination. There are substances listed, with their properties, which can serve as medicine, as well as the signs of a real physician. The subject of the fourth chapter is purgatives. In the fifth chapter, author first talks about quantitative dietetics and lists desirable (suitable) and undesirable (unsuitable) foods, then he turns to the theme of caring for а body. The sixth chapter is the description of peculiarities of six Indian seasons and of harmonization of diet and lifestyle with them. All chapters concluded with summary lists of their contents.
How to Cite
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Ayurveda, Charaka Samhita, Kushan Empire
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The Charaka-Samhita by Mahamuni Agnibesha, revised by Maharshi Charaka, compiled and edited by Kabiraj Debendranath Sen and Kabiraj Upendranath Sen (1897), Calcutta.
The Charakasaṃhitā of Agniveśa Revised by Charaka and Dridhabala (1937), Ed. by Sāhitya Āyurvedācharya Pandit Tārādatta Patna, Pt. I, Benares.
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