THE GENESIS OF THE SACRED SPACE IN SHINTO MYTHOLOGY
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Abstract
Any study of the sacred space in Shinto tradition is confronted by some difficulties. On the one hand, Shinto is usually regarded as a sort of pantheism, therefore all space should be regarded as “sacred”, at least when speaking of the land of Japan, the “Divine Country” (shinkoku). On the other hand, there are special sacred places. There are shrines, separated from the surroundings as the sacred form the profane. Moreover, there is a spatial division inside the shrines that suggests a hierarchy of sacred spaces. Also, there are shrines with higher status of sacredness, like Ise Jingu. To summarize, we can regard three different models of the sacred space: (1) the sacred is immanent to the space (at least in Japan), that is, every place is sacred; (2) the sacred is immanent only to a certain places; (3) a place is only potentially sacred, and can be actually sanctified by presence of a kami. This paper presents an attempt to understand the nature of sacred space in Shinto from the inner point of view of the tradition by applying the hermeneutical and phenomenological approaches to the Shinto myths, written in the Kojiki and the Nihon Shoki (or Nihongi). The principal myths, dealing with the sacred space, are the following: (1) the beginning of the world; (2) the creation of the land by Izanagi and Izanami; (3) the myth about the Heavenly Cave. After the analysis we came to conclusion, that the third model seems to be most appropriate, as far as the classical mythology of Kojiki and Nihongi is concerned. To make it more comprehensive, there are different grades of sacredness. The Heaven, being the most sacred place, is separated from our earthly world, and it is the source of the sacred. The Earth is actually profane; it can be sacred only potentially. But to became actually sacred, a place must be visited by a deity, manifested in a hierophany; then it must be ritually consecrated, and a shrine should be build on it. The patterns of such hierotopical actions are given in the Age of Gods (Kamiyo).
How to Cite
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Izanagi, Izanami, Japan, mythology, pantheism, sacred space, Shinto
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