YĀMUNA’S GĪTĀRTHA-SAṂGRAHA / TRANSLATION FROM THE SANSKRIT, PARSE, INTRODUCTORY ARTICLE, AND COMMENTARIES BY D. BURBA
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Abstract
The reader is invited to the first Ukrainian translation of the treatise of Vaishnavite teacher Yamuna (10–11th centuries) Gītārtha-saṃgraha, or The Summary of the Meaning of the Bhagavadgita. This publication is intended to be a kind of conclusion for the Ukrainian translation of the Bhagavadgita that is the most famous Hindu Scripture, published in The World of the Orient (2018 No. 2 – 2021 No. 1).
This Yamuna’s compendium has markedly influenced Vaishnava theology. The author of the Vishishta Advaita philosophical system Ramanuja in his great commentary on the Bhagavadgita, is steadily following the path laid by Yamuna. According to the Gītārtha-saṃgraha the Highest Spiritual Source of everything is Narayana, or the god Vishnu, and He can only be attained by means of bhakti, or worshiping God and serving Him with love and devotion, and the essence of the Bhagavadgita is the statement that a person who is only interested in serving the Lord attains God’s paradise.
Yamuna was probably the first to divide the eighteen chapters of the Bhagavadgita into three “sixes” (ṣaṭka), namely (1) about knowledge and action directed to Yoga, (2) about Bhakti Yoga, (3) about what is not described in the first two sixes. In addition to Bhakti Yoga, the author gives definitions of Karma Yoga and Jnana Yoga. He notes that all three yogas are interconnected.
Each original verse of the Gītārtha-saṃgraha is transliterated, followed by a word-by-word translation with grammatical parse, and at the end is a literary translation. In the notes, some of the verses of the Bhagavadgita are quoted to help the reader to better understand certain Yamuna’s statements.
How to Cite
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Bhagavadgita, bhakti, Vaishnavism, Vishishta Advaita, Yamunacharya, yoga
Бурба Д. В. Практична транскрипція санскритських власних назв та термінів в українській мові // Східний світ, 2018, № 1. https://doi.org/10.15407/orientw2018.01.104
Abhinavagupta. Indian philosopher // Encyclopaedia Britannica. URL: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abhinavagupta (дата звернення: 20.01.2021). (Санскритський текст).
Bartley Chris. Yamuna (philosopher) // Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy / Oliver Leaman (ed.). London and New York, 2001.
Bhagavad-Gita-Bhashya // Memorial Edition of the works of Shri Shankaracharya. Vol. 11. Srīrangam, 1910.
Dasgupta Surendranath. A History of Indian Philosophy. Vol. 3. Cambridge, 1952.
Gītārthasaṃgraha // Bhagavadgita. Bombay, 1883. (Санскритський текст).
Govindacharya Alkondaville. The Life of Ramanujacharya. The Exponent of the Visishtadvaita Philosophy. Madras, 1906.
Lochtefeld James G. The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism. New York, 1957.
Naimisaranya Das. The Life of Ramanujacharya. Vrindavan, 2005.
Radhakrishnan Sarvepalli. Indian Philosophy. Vol. 2. London, 1956.
Rajagopalachariar T. Vaishnavite Reformers of India. Critical Sketches of their lives and writings. Madras, 1909.
Saha Niranjan. Vedāntic Commentaries on the Bhagavadgītā as a Component of Three Canonical Texts (prasthāna-trayī) // Journal of Indian Philosophy. Vol. 45, No. 2. 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10781-016-9306-y
Śrīmad Yāmunācarya Svāmi viracitaḥ Śrīmad Gītārthasaṃgrahaḥ; Śrī Vedantadeśikānugṛhītaḥ Gītārthasaṃgraha-rakṣā-saṃvalitaḥ [“Ґіта-артха-санґрага” Ямуначар’ї з коментарем “Ґіта-артха-санґрага-ракша” Ведантадешіки]. Delhi, 2003. (Санскритський текст).
The Bhagavad-gita with eleven commentaries. First Collection: (I) Shankaracharya’s Adwaita Bhashya; (2) Anandagiri’s Vyakhya; (3) Ramanuja’s Vishishta-adwaita Bhashya, (4) Deshika’s Tatparya-chandrika;·(5) Madhava’s Dwaita Bhashya; (6) Jayatirtha’s Prameya deepika; (7) Hanumat’s Paishacha Bhashya; (8) Venkatnatha’s Brahmanandagiri; (9) Vallabha’s Tattva-deepika; (10) Purushotama’s Amrita tarangini; (11) Nilakantha’s Bhava-deepa and last Yamuna muni’s Artha-sangraha with Deshika’s Raksha and Gita Mahatmya of each Adhyaya. Vol. II (Seventh to Twelfth Adhyayas). New Edition (2nd). Bombay, 1936. (Санскритський текст).
Tilak Bal Gangadhar. Śri Bhagavadgītā-Rahasya or Karma-Yoga-Śāstra. Vol. 1. Bombay, 1936.
Varadachari V. Yamunacharya. Madras, 1984.
Yāmuna’s Gītārthasaṃgraha // Van Buitenen J. A. B. Rāmānuja on The Bhagavadgītā. A Condensed Rendering of His Gītābhāṣya with Copious Notes and an Introduction. Delhi, 1968. (Санскритський текст).
REFERENCES
Burba D. (2018), “Orthographic Transcription of Sanskrit Names and Terms in Ukrainian”, Shìdnij svìt, No. 1, pp. 104–122. (In Ukrainian). https://doi.org/10.15407/orientw2018.01.104
“Abhinavagupta. Indian philosopher”, Encyclopaedia Britannica, available at: https://www.britannica.com/biography/Abhinavagupta (accessed January 20, 2021). (In Sanskrit).
Bartley Chris (2001), “Yamuna (philosopher)”, in Oliver Leaman (ed.), Encyclopedia of Asian Philosophy, Routledge, London and New York, pp. 577–578.
“Bhagavad-Gita-Bhashya” (1910), in Memorial Edition of the works of Shri Shankaracharya, Vol. 11, Sri Vani Vilas Press, Srīrangam. (In Sanskrit).
Dasgupta Surendranath (1952), A History of Indian Philosophy, Vol. 3, The University Press, Cambridge.
“Gītārthasaṃgraha” (1883), in Bhagavadgītā, Śrī Venkateśvar Yantrālaya, Bombay. (In Sanskrit).
Govindacharya Alkondaville (1906), The Life of Ramanujacharya. The Exponent of the Visishtadvaita Philosophy, S. Murthy and Co., Madras.
Lochtefeld James G. (1957), The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism, The Rosen Publishing Group, New York.
Naimisaranya Das (2005), The Life of Ramanujacharya, Ras Bihari Lal and Sons, Vrindavan.
Radhakrishnan Sarvepalli (1956), Indian Philosophy, Vol. 2, Georg Allen, London.
Rajagopalachariar T. (1909), Vaishnavite Reformers of India Critical Sketches of their lives and writings, G. A Natesan, Madras.
Saha Niranjan (2017), “Vedāntic Commentaries on the Bhagavadgītā as a Component of Three Canonical Texts (prasthāna-trayī)”, Journal of Indian Philosophy, Vol. 45, No. 2, pp. 257–280. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10781-016-9306-y
Śrīmad Yāmunācarya Svāmi viracitaḥ, Śrīmad Gītārthasaṃgrahaḥ; Śrī Vedantadeśikānugṛhītaḥ, Gītārthasaṃgraha-rakṣā-saṃvalitaḥ [Gitartha-sangraha of Yamunacharya with Gitartha-sangraha-raksha commentary of Vedantadesika] (2003), Krishna Prapannacharya, Delhi. (In Sanskrit).
The Bhagavad-gita with eleven commentaries, First Collection: (I) Shankaracharya’s Adwaita Bhashya; (2) Anandagiri’s Vyakhya; (3) Ramanuja’s Vishishtaadwaita Bhashya, (4) Deshika’s Tatparya-chandrika;·(5) Madhava’s Dwaita Bhashya, (6) Jayatirtha’s Prameya deepika; (7) Hanumat’s Paishacha Bhashya; (8) Venkatnatha’s Brahmanandagiri; (9) Vallabha’s Tattva-deepika; (10) Purushotama’s Amrita tarangini; (11) Nilakantha’s Bhava-deepa and last Yamuna muni’s Artha-sangraha with Deshika’s Raksha and Gita Mahatmya of each Adhyaya (1936), Vol. II (Seventh to twelfth Adhyayas), 2nd edition, The “Gujarati” Printig Press, Bombay. (In Sanskrit).
Tilak Bal Gangadhar (1936), Śri Bhagavadgītā-Rahasya or Karma-Yoga-Śāstra, Vol. 1, Vaibhav Press, Bombay.
Varadachari V. (1984), Yamunacharya, Prof. M. Rangacharya Memorial Trust, Madras.
“Yāmuna’s Gītārthasaṃgraha” (1968), in Rāmānuja on The Bhagavadgītā. A Condensed Rendering of His Gītābhāṣya with Copious Notes and an Introduction by Van Buitenen J. A. B., Motilal Banarsidass, Delhi. (In Sanskrit).