SUVARNA PRABHASA SUTRA AND ITS SUBJECTS IN PAINTING (THE THANGKA OF THE BOGDAN AND VARVARA KHANENKO MUSEUM OF ARTS)
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Abstract
A possibility of creation Suvarna Prabhasa sutra content in easel painting is analyzed in the article. The choice of this Sutra was determined by its significance in the history of Mahayana Buddhism, its influence on the processes of state formation in the lands that had been embraced by Buddhism, and, accordingly, on the development of sacral fine art as a result of the temples construction. The thangka of the Bogdan and Varvara Khanenko Museum of Arts (Kyiv, 531 ЖВ) has served as visual material. A comparison of the text and content of the thanka revealed that most likely the thanka is based on several chapters of the Sutra. The presence image of twelve monks, whose names mentioned in Chapter 1 (Introduction) on the thanka indicates on version in 29 chapters. The contents of the thanka recreates Suvarna Prabhasa Sutra episode, when the king with censer lights an incenses, paying homage to the Buddha Sakyamuni and Sutra. About the fact that the thanka is based on a literary source indicates some component. Among them there is the reduction in foreshortening of the minor characters images, iconographic deviations from canon, unlike the main character – Sakyamuni Buddha, which is represented frontally, on a larger scale and in accordance with the canon.
How to Cite
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Altan Gerel, king-chakravartin, Mount Meru, protection of the state, Suvarna Prabhasa sutra, Thangka, The Bohdan and Varvara Khanenko Museum of Arts
Андросов В. П. Индо-тибетский буддизм. Энциклопедический словарь. Москва, 2015.
Архитектура Монголии XVI – начала XX века [1984] // Artyx.ru: История искусств. –http://artyx.ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000033/st006.shtml
Бодхисаттва // Абхидхарма Чой. – http://abhidharma.ru/A/Bodhissatva/Bodhisattva.htm
Большая Сукхавативьюха сутра // Абхидхарма Чой. – http://abhidharma.ru/A/Vedalla/Content/Cantzyan/005.htm
Буддийские обряды // Иркипедия. – http://irkipedia.ru/content/buddiyskie_obryady
Будон Ринчендуб. История буддизма (Индия и Тибет) / Пер. с тиб. Е. Е. Обермиллера, пер. с англ. А. М. Донца. Санкт-Петербург, 1999.
Ветлужская Л. Л. Буддийские тексты Китая, Тибета, Монголии и Бурятии: социально-философский аспект. Улан-Удэ, 2012.
Ермакова Т. В., Островская Е. П., Рудой В. И. Классическая буддийская философия. Санкт-Петербург, 1999 // Библиотека Фонда содействия развитию психической культуры (Киев). – http://psylib.org.ua/books/erosrud/txt17.htm
Космология в буддизме. – http://www.oum.ru/literature/buddizm/kosmologiya-v-buddizme/
Лама Сопа (1) // Википедия. – https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Лама_Сопа
Лама Сопа (2). О Значимости практики “Сутры золотого света” // Абхидхарма Чой. – http://abhidharma.ru/A/Vedalla/Content/Cyvarnaprabxacottama%20Sutra.htm
Лепехов С. Ю., Лепехова Е. С. Мир буддийских идей и монашество в классической японской литературе. Улан-Удэ, 2013.
Огнева Е. Д. Жанры в тибетском искусстве // Искусство и культура Монголии и Центральной Азии. Ч. 2. Москва, 1983.
Огнева Е. Д. Тибетоязычные письменные источники в Украине // Цирендоржиєвські читання. Збірник наукових статей. Київ, 2000.
Самосюк К. Ф. Буддийская живопись из Хара-Хото XII–XIV веков (коллекция П. К. Козлова): Автореф. дис. ...д-ра искусствоведения: 17.00.04 – изобразительное, декоративно-прикладное искусство и архитектура / Федеральное агентство по культуре и кинематографии, Государственный институт искусствознания. Москва, 2005.
Самосюк К. Ф. Буддийская живопись из Хара-Хото XII–XIV веков. Между Китаем и Тибетом. Коллекция П. К. Козлова. Санкт-Петербург, 2006.
Сазыкин А. Монгольская литература [XVII в.]. 1987 // ФЭБ “Русская литература и фольклор”. – http://feb-web.ru/feb/ivl/vl4/vl4-5462.htm
Сутра Золотистого Света (1) // Электронная библиотека RoyalLib.Com. – http://royallib.com/book/gautama_siddhartha/sutra_zolotistogo_sveta.html
Сутра Золотистого Света (2) // Lib.ru/Современная литература. – http://lit.lib.ru/img/i/irhin_w_j/zkanjur/goldenlightsutra.pdf
Успенский В. Л. Тибетский буддизм в Пекине. Санкт-Петербург, 2011.
Чандра Локеш. По тропам Юрия Рериха // Международный Центр Рерихов. – http://lib.icr.su/node/2229
Чимитова Ц. В. О сутре “Суварнапрабхасоттама” и ее монгольской и бурятской версиях // Традиции абхидхармы, праджняпарамиты, тантры и литературное творчество бурятских религиозных мыслителей. Улан-Удэ, 2008.
The Art of Dunhuang // Dunhuang Research Academy. 2014. – http://public.dha.ac.cn/content.aspx?id=185436748917
Banerjee Priyatosh. The Spread of Indian Art and Culture to Central Asia and China // Indian Horizons. Vol. 43, № 1–2. 1994. – http://ignca.nic.in/pb0013.htm
Banerjee Radha. Suvarṇaprabhāsottamasūtra // The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online. 2006. – http://idp.bl.uk/4DCGI/education/symposium/goldenlight/index.a4d
Chandra Lokesh. Suvarna Bhasottama and defence of Serindic Khotan // Silk Road documents: the transmission of the Suvarnaprabhasottamasutra. 2006 / National Library of China. – http://www.nlc.gov.cn/newhxjy/wjls/wjqcsy/wjd17q/201011/P020101123697628704580.pdf
Complete Sutra of Golden Light. – http://www.sutraofgoldenlight.com/
Conservation of Ancient Sites on the Silk Road / Edited by Neville Agnew, 2010. – http://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications_resources/pdf_publications/2nd_s.
Dunhuang Art: Through the Eyes of Duan Wenjie / Translated from Chinese. Edited with an introduction by Tan Chung. 1994. – http://ignca.nic.in/eBooks/India_world_ks_19.pdf
Emmerick R. E. The Sūtra of golden light: being a translation of the Suvarnabhāsottamasūtra / Sacred books of the Buddhists. Vol. 27. London, 1970.
Ludwick C. Sarasvati Riverine Goddess of Knowledge: From the Manuscript-carrying Vina-player to the Weapon-wielding Defender of the Dharma. Leiden – Boston, 2007.
Pasang Yonten Arya. Buddha’s direct teaching on Medicine. The ‘Golden sutra’ // Tibetan Medicine Education center. – http://www.tibetanmedicine-edu.org/index.php/n-articles/the-goldensutra
Prithvi // Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. – https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prithv
Shashibala. Role of Suvarnaprabhasa-sutra in the polity of East Asia // Silk Road documents: the transmission of the Suvarnaprabhasottamasutra. 2006 / National Library of China. – http://www.nlc.gov.cn/newhxjy/wjls/wjqcsy/wjd17q/201011/P020101123699644.
Suvarnaprabnasottama-sutra. Das Goldlanz-Sutra. Ein Sanskrittext des Mahayana-Buddismus. Bd. 1. Ising’s chinesische Version. Leiden, 1958.
Tsiknopoulos Erick and the Sugatagarbha Translation Group. The Sūtra of Golden Light in 29 Chapters (gser ‘od dam pa mdo sde’i dbang po’i rgyal po) // Buddha-Nature.com: The Website of Sugatagarbha. – http://buddha-nature.com/
Wang Jinyu. The Significance of Cave 85 // Conservation of Ancient Sites on the Silk Road / Edited by Neville Agnew, 2010. – https://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications_resources/pdf_publicatio.
Yakhontova N. The Mongolian and Oirat translations of the Sutra of Golden Light // Silk Road documents: the transmission of the Suvarnaprabhasottamasutra. 2006 / National Library of China. – http://www.nlc.cn/newhxjy/wjsy/wjls/wjqcsy/wjd17q/201011/P02010112370081.
Yiengpruksawan Mimi. Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-century Japan. Harvard University Asia Center, 1998.
REFERENCES
Androsov V. P. (2015), Indo-tibetskiy buddizm. Entsiklopedicheskiy slovar’, Moscow. (In Russian).
“Arkhitektura Mongolii XVI – nachala XX veka [1984]”, in Artyx.ru: Istoriya iskusstv, available at: http://artyx.ru/books/item/f00/s00/z0000033/st006.shtml (In Russian).
“Bodkhisattva”, in Abkhidkharma Choy, available at: http://abhidharma.ru/A/Bodhissatva/Bodhisattva.htm (In Russian).
“Bol’shaya Sukkhavativ’yukha sutra”, in Abkhidkharma Choy, available at: http://abhidharma.ru/A/Vedalla/Content/Cantzyan/005.htm (In Russian).
“Buddiyskiye obryady”, in Irkipediya, available at: http://irkipedia.ru/content/buddiyskie_obryady (In Russian).
Budon Rinchendub (1999), Istoriya buddizma (Indiya i Tibet), Transl. from the Tibetian by E. E. Obermiller, Transl. from the English by A. M. Donets, Saint Petersburg. (In Russian).
Vetluzhskaya L. L. (2012), Buddiyskiye teksty Kitaya, Tibeta, Mongolii i Buryatii: sotsial’no-filosofskiy aspekt, Ulan-Ude. (In Russian).
Ermakova T. V., Ostrovskaya E. P. and Rudoy V. I. (1999), Klassicheskaya buddiyskaya filosofiya, Saint Petersburg. (In Russian).
Kosmologiya v buddizme, available at: www.oum.ru/literature/buddizm/kosmologiya-v-buddizme/ (In Russian).
“Lama Sopa” (1), Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, available at: https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lama_Sopa (In Russian).
Lama Sopa (2). “O Znachimosti praktiki ‘Sutry zolotogo sveta””, in Abkhidkharma Choy, available at: http://abhidharma.ru/A/Vedalla/Content/Cyvarnaprabxacottama Sutra.htm (In Russian).
Lepekhov S. Yu. and Lepekhova E. S. (2013), Mir buddiyskikh idey i monashestvo v klassicheskoy yaponskoy literature, Ulan-Ude. (In Russian).
Ogneva E. D. (1983), “Zhanry v tibetskom iskusstve”, in Iskusstvo i kul’tura Mongolii i Tsentral’noy Azii, Part 2, Moscow. (In Russian).
Ogneva E. D. (2000), “Tibetoyazychnyye pis’mennyye istochniki v Ukraine”, in Tsyrendorzhyyevs”ki chytannya, Kyiv. (In Russian).
Samosyuk K. F. (2005), Buddiyskaya zhivopis’ iz Khara-Khoto XII–XIV vekov (kollektsiya P. K. Kozlova), Avtoref. dis. ...d-ra iskusstvovedeniya, Moscow. (In Russian).
Samosyuk K. F. (2006), Buddiyskaya zhivopis’ iz Khara-Khoto XII–XIV vekov. Mezhdu Kitayem i Tibetom. Kollektsiya P. K. Kozlova, Saint Petersburg. (In Russian).
Sazykin A., “Mongol’skaya literatura [XVII v.]. 1987”, in FEB “Russkaya literatura i fol’klor”, available at: http://feb-web.ru/feb/ivl/vl4/vl4-5462.htm (In Russian).
“Sutra Zolotistogo Sveta” (1), in Elektronnaya biblioteka RoyalLib.Com., available at: http://royallib.com/book/gautama_siddhartha/sutra_zolotistogo_sveta.html (In Russian).
“Sutra Zolotistogo Sveta” (2), in Lib.ru/Sovremennaya literatura, available at: http://lit.lib.ru/img/i/irhin_w_j/zkanjur/goldenlightsutra.pdf (In Russian).
Uspenskiy V. L. (2011), Tibetskiy buddizm v Pekine, Saint Petersburg. (In Russian).
Chandra Lokesh, “Po tropam Yuriya Rerikha”, in Mezhdunarodnyy Tsentr Rerikhov, available at: http://lib.icr.su/node/2229 (In Russian).
Chimitova Ts. V. (2008), “O sutre ‘Suvarnaprabkhasottama’ i eye mongol’skoy i buryatskoy versiyakh”, in Traditsii abkhidkharmy, pradzhnyaparamity, tantry i literaturnoye tvorchestvo buryatskikh religioznykh mysliteley, Ulan-Ude. (In Russian).
“The Art of Dunhuang” (2014), in Dunhuang Research Academy, available at: http://public.dha.ac.cn/content.aspx?id=185436748917
Banerjee Priyatosh (1994), “The Spread of Indian Art and Culture to Central Asia and China”, in Indian Horizons, Vol. 43, No. 1–2, available at: http://ignca.nic.in/pb0013.htm
Banerjee Radha (2006), “Suvarṇaprabhāsottamasūtra”, in The International Dunhuang Project: The Silk Road Online, available at: http://idp.bl.uk/4DCGI/education/symposium/goldenlight/index.a4d
Chandra Lokesh (2006), “Suvarna Bhasottama and defence of Serindic Khotan”, in Silk Road documents: the transmission of the Suvarnaprabhasottamasutra, available at: www.nlc.gov.cn/newhxjy/wjls/wjqcsy/wjd17q/201011/P020101123697628704580.pdf
Complete Sutra of Golden Light, available at: www.sutraofgoldenlight.com/
Conservation of Ancient Sites on the Silk Road (2010), Edited by Neville Agnew, available at: www.getty.edu/conservation/publications_resources/pdf_publications/2nd_s...
Dunhuang Art: Through the Eyes of Duan Wenjie (1994), Translated from Chinese, Edited with an introduction by Tan Chung, available at: http://ignca.nic.in/eBooks/India_world_ks_19.pdf
Emmerick R. E. (1970), The Sūtra of golden light: being a translation of the Suvarnabhāsottamasūtra, Sacred books of the Buddhists, Vol. 27, London.
Ludwick C. (2007), Sarasvati Riverine Goddess of Knowledge: From the Manuscript-carrying Vina-player to the Weapon-wielding Defender of the Dharma, Leiden and Boston.
Pasang Yonten Arya, “Buddha’s direct teaching on Medicine. The ‘Golden sutra’”, in Tibetan Medicine Education center, available at: www.tibetanmedicine-edu.org/index.php/n-articles/the-goldensutra
“Prithvi”, Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia, available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prithv
Shashibala (2006), “Role of Suvarnaprabhasa-sutra in the polity of East Asia”, in Silk Road documents: the transmission of the Suvarnaprabhasottamasutra, available at: www.nlc.gov.cn/newhxjy/wjls/wjqcsy/wjd17q/201011/P020101123699644...
Suvarnaprabnasottama-sutra. Das Goldlanz-Sutra, Ein Sanskrittext des Mahayana-Buddismus (1958), Bd. 1, Ising’s chinesische Version, Leiden.
Tsiknopoulos Erick and the Sugatagarbha Translation Group, “The Sūtra of Golden Light in 29 Chapters (gser ‘od dam pa mdo sde’i dbang po’i rgyal po)”, in Buddha-Nature.com: The Website of Sugatagarbha, available at: http://buddha-nature.com/
Wang Jinyu (2010), “The Significance of Cave 85”, in Conservation of Ancient Sites on the Silk Road, Edited by Neville Agnew, available at: https://www.getty.edu/conservation/publications_resources/pdf_publicatio.
Yakhontova N. (2006), “The Mongolian and Oirat translations of the Sutra of Golden Light”, in Silk Road documents: the transmission of the Suvarnaprabhasottamasutra, available at: www.nlc.cn/newhxjy/wjsy/wjls/wjqcsy/wjd17q/201011/P02010112370081...
Yiengpruksawan Mimi (1998), Hiraizumi: Buddhist Art and Regional Politics in Twelfth-century Japan, Harvard University Asia Center.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.