Динаміка міграції українських громадян до Туреччини до і після 2022 року
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Анотація
У цій науковій розвідці досліджується динаміка української міграції до Туреччини після російського вторгнення в Україну в лютому 2022 року, а також розглядається динаміка міграції до вторгнення. Спираючись як на огляд літератури, так і на невелике польове дослідження, проведене у Стамбулі 20–28 жовтня 2023 року, автор висвітлює політику Туреччини щодо іноземців, з особливим фокусом на громадянах України і їхньому потенційному майбутньому в країні. На початкових етапах цього конфлікту приблизно 844 000 громадян України в’їхали до Туреччини. Проте станом на травень 2023 року близько 822 000 осіб виїхали. Незважаючи на цей спад, у Туреччині все ще перебуває певна кількість вимушено переміщених осіб, яка перевищує цифри в деяких європейських країнах. Наразі близько 38 500 українських громадян проживають у Туреччині, маючи дійсну посвідку на проживання або перебуваючи під міжнародним захистом. Це дослідження передусім має на меті пролити світло на перспективи їхнього майбутнього в країні, фокусуючись насамперед на юридичних процедурах і заходах підтримки, спрямованих на них. Крім того, у статті розглядаються різні процеси переселення тюркських етнічних груп, особливо турків-месхетинців і кримських татар, у ширшому масштабі української вимушеної міграції. Ці групи, бувши частиною більшої спільноти переміщених осіб, дотримуються інших правових процедур завдяки своїм етнічним зв’язкам із Туреччиною. У дослідженні також розглядаються різні типи посвідок на проживання, які обирають українці, і стверджується, що багатьох із цих осіб доречніше називати “подібними до біженців”, ніж такими, що відповідають формальному визначенню поняття біженця згідно з міжнародним правом. Оцінюючи відповідь Туреччини на українську міграційну кризу, пропонована стаття має на меті стати базовим джерелом на цю тему, що майже не висвітлювалася в літературі.
Як цитувати
Гюрсой Ерденай, Х. Е. (2025). Динаміка міграції українських громадян до Туреччини до і після 2022 року. Східний світ, (2 (127), 121-134. https://doi.org/10.15407/orientw2025.02.121
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Ключові слова
російсько-українська війна; вимушене переміщення; українські громадяни; турки-месхетинці; кримські татари; статус “подібний до біженця”; Туреччина
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