Historiographical Overview of the Development of Digital Humanities in Sinology (1984–2024)
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Abstract
The study presents a comprehensive historiographical analysis of the formation and development of digital humanities within Sinology over the course of forty years, from 1984 to 2024. The work traces the evolution of the scientific sphere – from the earliest experiments in computational processing of Chinese texts to the establishment of a modern digital infrastructure for complex Sinological research. The methodological foundation is a chronological analysis combined with a systematic classification of key projects, initiatives, and technological solutions. More than thirty reference projects and initiatives have been examined, including encoding standards (GB 2312, Big5, Unicode), technological platforms (TEI, XML), and large-scale digital repositories. Particular emphasis is made on the emergence of digital Sinology as an autonomous academic discipline. It is demonstrated that this focus area has developed along three main trajectories: technological (the standardization of Chinese character encoding through Unicode, the implementation of XML and TEI standards for text markup); methodological (the development of principles for structured text encoding, the creation of relational databases for biographical and textual information); and institutional (the establishment of international scholarly networks and research centers). Eight foundational principles of digital Sinology are outlined: encoding standardization, structural markup, relational databases, international cooperation, open access, metadata preservation, scalability, and format compatibility. It is shown that these principles continue to define the current development of this scientific sphere. The study highlights the successful integration of digital technologies into Sinological research, which has resulted in the establishment of a robust technological foundation for future academic projects. The geographical scope – Mainland China, Taiwan, Hong Kong, and the United States – illustrates the international character of the emergence of digital Sinology. The contributions of leading institutions are systematized, including Academia Sinica, the Ministry of Culture of the PRC, the Harvard-Yenching Institute, the National Library of China, and international technological consortia. The originality of this research consists in its first holistic review of the forty-year development of the scientific sphere, detailing key stages, systematizing projects, and formulating the fundamental principles that have shaped the modern digital infrastructure of Sinological studies. The practical significance of the results consists in the potential for their application in strategic planning of future digital initiatives in the scholarly study of China.
How to Cite
Kiktenko, V. (2025). Historiographical Overview of the Development of Digital Humanities in Sinology (1984–2024). The World of the Orient, (3 (128), 61-90. https://doi.org/10.15407/orientw2025.03.061
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Keywords
artificial intelligence; big data analytics; digital humanities; institutionalization; Sinology; standardization; text digitization
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