Pre- and Post-2022 Migration Dynamics of Ukrainian Nationals in Turkey
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Abstract
This exploratory case study investigates the dynamics of Ukrainian migration to Turkey following the Russian invasion of Ukraine in February 2022, while addressing the migration dynamics prior to the invasion. Drawing on both literature review and a small-scale field research conducted in Istanbul from October 20–28, 2023, the paper explores Turkey’s policies towards foreigners, with a particular focus on Ukrainian nationals, and their potential future within the country. In the initial stages of this conflict, approximately 844,000 Ukrainian nationals entered Turkey. However, by May 2023, around 822,000 had left. Despite this decrease, Turkey continues to host a number of forcibly displaced Ukrainian persons, exceeding the figures in several European countries. Presently, it is estimated that around 38,500 Ukrainian nationals are living in Turkey, either holding valid residence permits or being under international protection. The research primarily aims to shed light on their future in the country by focusing first on the legal procedures and support measures directed towards them. Additionally, the article delves into the distinct resettlement processes for Turkic ethnic groups, particularly Meskhetian Turks and Crimean Tatars, within the broader scope of Ukrainian forced migration. These groups, while part of the larger displaced population, follow different legal procedures due to their ethnic ties with Turkey. The study also addresses the different types of residence permits chosen by Ukrainians and argues that many of these individuals are more accurately described as “refugee-like” rather than fitting the formal refugee definition under international law. By evaluating Turkey’s response to the Ukrainian migration crisis, this article aspires to serve as a foundational source on this topic, which has been scarcely addressed in the literature.
How to Cite
Gürsoy Erdenay, H. E. (2025). Pre- and Post-2022 Migration Dynamics of Ukrainian Nationals in Turkey. The World of the Orient, (2 (127), 121-134. https://doi.org/10.15407/orientw2025.02.121
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Keywords
Russia-Ukraine war; forced displacement; Ukrainian Nationals; Meskhetian Turks; Crimean Tatars; refugee-like status
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