The Pashtun Question in the Context of Pakistani Realities: History and Present
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Abstract
The article is a kind of introduction to the study of the so-called Pashtun question, as it is understood primarily in Pakistan. Also, it deals with the key points that focus on the origin and ethnic characteristics of the Pashtuns – a large ethnic group living in South Asia; the features of the social organization and self-government of this people. The Pashtun question as such arose after the British administration in India defined the “Durand Line” in 1893, which divided the historical territories, inhabited by this ethnic group. Still, the main stages of the history of the Pashtuns are shortly mentioned with the aim to explain why they eventually ended up divided between two countries – Afghanistan and Pakistan. The situation is still quite specific – there are more Pashtuns living in Pakistan than in Afghanistan, where they are the titular nation. Pashtuns in both states share the same ethnic culture and conduct of social behavior. Author tries to examine mostly the problems Pashtuns face within the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, from the very beginning of the new state. It is noticed, that primarily the leaders of the nation were against the division of former British India in 1947, and hereafter had to adjust themselves for the new circumstances. At present times most of Pashtun organizations continue to follow the principle of non-violent struggle for their rights. The author tries to destroy certain myths that exist around the Pashtuns’ mentality and behavior, such as about exceptional intolerance and militancy, a permanent special connection with terrorist organizations, primarily the Taliban. Instead, the emphasis is on the phenomenon of this nation, which, despite difficult historical conditions, unfavorable geography and numerous political intrigues, has preserved its identity.
How to Cite
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Afghanistan; Durand Line; Islam; Pakistan; Pashtuns; Pashtunwali; South Asia; Taliban
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The Last Wali of Swat: An Autobiography as Told to Fredriek Bart, (1985), Columbia University Press, New-York.
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