Marseillaise Versus Jihadism, or the French Experience in Combating Islamist Radicalization
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Abstract
The article deals with the programs of deradicalization of jihadists (mainly young people) that have been used in France since 2014. The specificity of the French situation is the predominance of minors (20%) and converts to Islam (38%) among radicalized youth, as well as a high percentage of women (30% in general, and 53% among minors). It is shown that deradicalization programs are closely related to national anti-radicalization plans, of which three have been adopted so far. In this regard, the article consists of four parts, each of which reveals the specifics of separate plans and programs for deradicalization. The first part is devoted to the first plan for the fight against terrorism (PLAT) and the program for the deradicalization by Dounia Bouzar. This program was based on the theory of “sectarian influence” on young people and the concept of “myths of adherence” to jihadism. The second part of the article deals with the second nationwide plan to counter radicalization and terrorism (PART) and the first state structure designed for radicalized youth – the Center for Prevention, Integration and Citizenship (CPIC), also known as the “Pontourney Center”. The third part of the article discusses the RIVE deradicalization project, which was carried out simultaneously with the “Pontourney Center” but was based on the other methodological principles and aimed at a different target group. The fourth part of the article focuses on the third national anti-radicalization plan (PNRP/PPP) of 2018 and its associated individual support and social reaffiliation program (PAIRS) aimed at deradicalization. It is concluded that various deradicalization programs did not bring the expected result and were found to be ineffective. Moreover, a number of experts on jihadism have expressed doubts about the ability of supporters of a radical ideology to abandon it. At the same time, one of the main problems of deradicalization programs is the actions of politicians who demand quick results, achievable within one electoral cycle.
How to Cite
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Islam in France, deradicalization, jihadism, radical ideology, state-confessional policy
ЛІТЕРАТУРА
Серрано Сильвия. Конструирование понятия “радикализация” и его последствия для управления исламом во Франции // Религии и радикализм в постсекулярном мире / Под ред. Е. И. Филипповой и Ж. Радвани. Москва, 2017.
Чернега В. Н. Франция в борьбе с исламистским терроризмом // Актуальные проблемы Европы, 2021, № 4 (112). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31249/ape/2021.04.06
Bouzar Dounia & Gravillon Isabelle. Désembrigader les jeunes radicalisés // L’école des parents. № 619. 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/epar.s619.0167
Cook Joana & Vale Gina. From Daesh to ‘Diaspora’: Tracing the Women and Minors of Islamic State. London, 2018.
Dupont-Pineri Bénédicte. L’inscription de la PJJ dans le dispositif national de lutte contre la radicalisation violente et les filières djihadistes // L’école des parents. No. 619. 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/epar.s619.0145
Hecker Marc. Once a Jihadist, Always a Jihadist? A Deradicalization Program Seen from the Inside // Focus stratégique. No. 102 bis. 2021.
Herzog-Evans Martine. Implémentation d’un programme structuré et fondé sur les données acquises de la science en France: difficultés et recommandations // Cahiers de la sécurité et de la justice. No. 46. 2019.
Horgan John. Individual disengagement: A psychological analysis // Leaving Terrorism Behind: Individual and Collective Disengagement. New York, 2009.
Jouet Emmanuelle. L’approche fondée sur le rétablissement: éducation diffuse et santé mentale // Le Télémaque. No. 1 (49). 2016. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/tele.049.0111
Rabasa Angel et al. Deradicalizing Islamist extremists. Santa Monica, 2010.
REFERENCES
Serrano Silvia (2017), “Konstruirovanie ponyatiya ‘radikalizatsiya’ i ego posledstviya dlya upravleniya islamom vo Frantsii”, in E. I. Filippova and Zh. Radvani (eds), Religii i radikalizm v postsekulyarnom mire Institut etnologii i antropologii im. N. N. Miklukho-Maklaya RAN, Goryachaya liniya – Telekom, Moscow, pp. 217–231. (In Russian).
Chernega Vladimir (2021), “Francija v bor’be s islamistskim terrorizmom”, Aktual’nye problemy Evropy, No. 4 (112), pp. 145–172. (In Russian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.31249/ape/2021.04.06
Bouzar Dounia and Gravillon Isabelle (2016), “Désembrigader les jeunes radicalisés”, L’école des parents, No. 619, pp. 173–175. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/epar.s619.0167
Cook Joana and Vale Gina (2018), From Daesh to ‘Diaspora’: Tracing the Women and Minors of Islamic State, London, ICSR.
Dupont-Pineri Bénédicte (2016), “L’inscription de la PJJ dans le dispositif national de lutte contre la radicalisation violente et les filières djihadistes”, L’école des parents, No. 619, pp. 145–165. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/epar.s619.0145
Hecker Marc (2021), “Once a Jihadist, Always a Jihadist? A Deradicalization Program Seen from the Inside”, Focus stratégique, No. 102 bis, pp. 9–76.
Herzog-Evans Martine (2019), “Implémentation d’un programme structuré et fondé sur les données acquises de la science en France: difficultés et recommandations”, Cahiers de la sécurité et de la justice, No. 46, pp. 83–93.
Horgan John (2009), “Individual disengagement: A psychological analysis”, in Leaving Terrorism Behind: Individual and Collective Disengagement, Routledge, New York, pp. 17–29.
Jouet Emmanuelle (2016), “L’approche fondée sur le rétablissement: éducation diffuse et santé mentale”, Le Télémaque, No. 1 (49), pp. 111–124. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3917/tele.049.0111
Rabasa Angel et al. (2010), Deradicalizing Islamist extremists, RAND Corporation, Santa Monica.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.