THE TRANSFORMATIONS OF THE SPIRITUAL CULTURE OF JAPAN IN XIX CENT. (BY THE EXAMPLE OF SHINTO). PART I
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Abstract
The article analyses the transformations that took place in Japanese spiritual culture during the XIX century. By the notion of the “spiritual culture” the author understands the set of traditional doctrines (Shinto, Buddhism, Confucianism, and – to some extent – Taoism) that form a single whole, while retaining their own autonomy. For the analysis, one of the subsystems of the traditional spiritual culture – Shinto is selected. The author believes that before the westernization that began after 1868 there was no religion in the Western sense in Japan. The first part of the article deals with the main ideological innovations that have taken place in the Shinto thought in the first half of the XIX cent.: the development of the kokugaku ideas by Hirata Atsutane and his disciples; the emergence of a new type of spiritual teachings (like Nyoraykyō, Kurozumikyō etc.) which later developed into the so-called “new religions”; and the synthesis of Confucianism and Shinto by the Mito school (Aizawa Seishisai etc.). Some examples of the practical implementation of the above-mentioned ideas are given.
How to Cite
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
Japan, Shinto, Spiritual Culture
Боги, святилища, обряды Японии. Энциклопедия синто. Москва, 2010.
Генон Р. Очерки о традиции и метафизике. Санкт-Петербург, 2010.
История Японии. В 2-х т. Москва, 1998.
Карелова Л. Б. Учение Исиды Байгана о постижении «сердца» и становление трудовой этики в Японии. Москва, 2007.
Капранов С. В. “Ісе моноґатарі” як пам’ятка японської релігійно-філософської культури доби Хейан. Київ, 2004.
Капранов С. В. Психотехніка та містичний досвід у сінто: до питання про типологію // Східний світ, 2007, № 3.
Капранов С. В. Школа Хірати Ацутане та її місце в історії кокуґаку // Східний світ, 2008, № 4.
Капранов С. В. Конфуціанство – релігія чи світське вчення? // Релігієзнавчі нариси. Вип. 1. Донецьк, 2010.
Кодзики – записки о деяниях древности / Пер. и коммент. Е. М. Пинус. Санкт-Петербург, 1993.
Комаровский Г. Е. Тэнри // Закон Неба. Москва, 1996.
Михайлова Ю. Д. Мотоори Норинага: жизнь и творчество (из истории общественной мысли Японии XVIIІ в.). Москва, 1988.
Михайлова Ю. Д. Мотоори Норинага и “школа национальных наук” // Из истории общественной мысли Японии XVII–ХІХ вв. Москва, 1990.
Молодяков В. Э. Консервативная революция в Японии: идеология и политика. Москва, 1999.
Нагата Хироси. История философской мысли Японии. Москва, 1991.
Накорчевский А. А. Синто в эпоху Токугава // Синто – путь японских богов. Т. І. Очерки по истории синто. Санкт-Петербург, 2002.
Накорчевский А. А. Синто. Санкт-Петербург, 2003.
Рубель В. А. Кітабатаке Тікафуса – поборник нової японської державності // Східний світ, 1994, № 1–2.
Рубель В. А. Японська цивілізація: традиційне суспільство і державність. Київ, 1997.
Тонґуу Масару. Японська релігійна свідомість // Народна творчість та етнографія, 2009, № 1.
Хирата Ацутанэ. Истинный священный столп духа / Пер. В. П. Мазурика // Синто – путь японских богов. Т. ІІ. Тексты синто. Санкт-Петербург, 2002.
Breen J. Ideologues, bureaucrats and priests: on ‘Shinto’ and ‘Buddhism’ in early Meiji Japan // Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami. London, 2000.
Brownlee J. Four Stages of the Japanese Kokutai (National Essence). JSAC Conference, University of British Columbia, October 2000. – http://www.iar.ubc.ca/centres/cjr/seminars/semi2000/jsac2000/brownlee.pdf
Hardacre H. Kurozumikyō and the new Religions of Japan. Princeton, New Jersey, 1986.
Kamata Toji. The disfiguring of nativism: Hirata Atsutane and Orikuchi Shinobu // Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami. London, 2000.
Kitagawa J. Religion in Japanese Society. New York, 1990.
Sources of Japanese Tradition. Vol. II. New York and London, 1968.
[Stone J.] Of Heretics and Martyrs in Meiji Japan: Buddhism and Its Persecution by James Edward Ketelaar, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990. Pp. xiv+285. reviewed by Jacqueline Stone, Princeton University // Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. Vol. 53, No. 2. 1993. https://doi.org/10.2307/2719461
Walthall A. Nativism as a social movement: Katagiri Harukazu and the Hongaku reisha // Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami. London, 2000.
Yonehara Ken. Nationality and Christianity in Modern Japan: ‘Self ‘ and ‘Others’ in Japanese Political Thought. OSIPP Discussion Paper, June 26, 2003. – http://www.osipp.osaka-u.ac.jp/archives/DP/2003/DP2003E006.pdf
Вень сюань 文选。上海, 1998.
Косінто:-но хон 古神道の本。東京, 1997.
Куріхара Сіґеюкі 栗原茂幸校訂。翻核 千島異聞 // 跡見学園女子大学紀要, 1993, 第 26 号.
Сінто: дзітен 神道事典。東京、1999.
Сінсю:кьо: дзітен 新宗教事典。東京, 1990.
Хірата Ацутане 平田篤胤。古道大意。霊能真柱。仙境異聞(抄)//平田篤胤。 東京、1997.
Gongyang Zhuan 公羊傳. – http://ctext.org/gongyang-zhuan
Guliang Zhuan 穀梁傳. – http://ctext.org/guliang-zhuan
Zhan Guo Ce 戰國策. – http://ctext.org/zhan-guo-ce
Records of the Warring States. Translations from Chinese by B. S. Bonsall. – http://lib.hku.hk/bonsall/zhanguoce/index1.html
REFERENCES
Bogi, svyatilishcha, obryady Yaponii. Entsiklopediya sinto (2010), RGGU, Moscow. (In Russian).
Genon R. (2010), Ocherki o traditsii i metafizike, Translated by V. Yu. Bystrov, Azbuka, St. Petersburg. (In Russian).
Istoriya Yaponii (1998), Vol. 1, 2, Institut vostokovedeniya RAN, Moscow. (In Russian).
Karelova L. B. (2007), Ucheniye Isidy Baygana o postizhenii “serdtsa” i stanovleniye trudovoy etiki v Yaponii, Vostochnaya literature, Moscow. (In Russian).
Kapranov S. V. (2004) “Ise monogatari” yak pam”yatka yapons’koyi relihiyno-filosofs’koyi kul’tury doby Kheyan, Vydavnychyy dim “KM Akademiya”, Kyiv. (In Ukrainian).
Kapranov S. V. (2007), “Psykhotekhnika ta mistychnyy dosvid u sinto: do pytannya pro typolohiyu”, Shìdnij svìt, No. 3, pp. 107–113. (In Ukrainian).
Kapranov S. V. (2008), “Shkola Khiraty Atsutane ta yiyi mistse v istoriyi kokugaku”, Shìdnij svìt, No. 4, pp.18–26. (In Ukrainian).
Kapranov S. V. (2010), “Konfutsianstvo – relihiya chy svits’ke vchennya?”, in Relihiyeznavchi narysy, No. 1, pp. 49–60. (In Ukrainian).
Kodziki – zapiski o deyaniyakh drevnosti (1993), Translated by E. M. Pinus, SHAR, St. Petersburg. (In Russian).
Komarovskiy G. E. (1996), “Tenri”, in Zakon Neba, Iskusstvo, Moscow, pp. 3–17. (In Russian).
Mikhaylova Yu. D. (1988), Motoori Norinaga: zhizn’ i tvorchestvo (iz istorii obshchestvennoy mysli Yaponii XVIIІ v.), Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).
Mikhaylova Yu. D. (1990), “Motoori Norinaga i ‘shkola natsional’nykh nauk’”, in Iz istorii obshchestvennoy mysli Yaponii XVII–XІX vv., Nauka, Moscow, pp. 73–116. (In Russian).
Molodyakov V. E. (1999), Konservativnaya revolyutsiya v Yaponii: ideologiya i polіtika, Izdatel’skaya firma “Vostochnaya literatura” RAN, Moscow. (In Russian).
Nagata Khirosi (1991), Istoriya filosofskoy mysli Yaponii, Translated by Yu. B. Kozlovskiy, Progress, Moscow. (In Russian).
Nakorchevskiy A. A. (2002), “Sinto v epokhu Tokugava”, in Sinto – put’ yaponskikh bogov, Vol. І, Ocherki po istorii sinto, Giperion, St. Petersburg, pp. 203–260. (In Russian).
Nakorchevskiy A. A. (2003), Sinto, Peterburgskoye Vostokovedeniye, St. Petersburg. (In Russian).
Rubel’ V. A. (1997), Yapons’ka tsyvilizatsiya: tradytsiyne suspil’stvo i derzhavnist’, Akvilon-Pres, Kyiv. (In Ukrainian).
Rubel’ V. A. (1994), “Kitabatake Tikafusa – pobornyk novoyi yapons’koyi derzhavnosti”, Skhidnyy svit, No. 1–2, pp. 73–79. (In Ukrainian).
Tonguu Masaru (2009), “Yapons’ka relihiyna svidomist’”, Translated by S. V. Kapranov, Narodna tvorchist’ ta etnohrafiya, No. 1, pp. 66–72. (In Ukrainian).
Khirata Atsutane (2002), “Istinnyy svyashchennyy stolp dukha”, Translated by V. P. Mazurik, in Sinto – put’ yaponskikh bogov, Vol. ІІ, Teksty sinto, St. Petersburg, Giperion, pp. 277–334. (In Russian).
Breen J. (2000), “Ideologues, bureaucrats and priests: on ‘Shinto’ and ‘Buddhism’ in early Meiji Japan”, in Breen, J. and Teeuwen, M. (Ed.), Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami, Curzon, London, pp. 230–251.
Brownlee J. (2000), “Four Stages of the Japanese Kokutai (National Essence)”, Paper presented at the JSAC Conference, University of British Columbia, October 2000, available at: www.iar.ubc.ca/centres/cjr/seminars/semi2000/jsac2000/brownlee.pdf (accessed July 20, 2014).
Hardacre H. (1986), Kurozumikyō and the new Religions of Japan, Princeton University Press, Princeton, NJ
Kamata Toji (2000), “The disfiguring of nativism: Hirata Atsutane and Orikuchi Shinobu”, in Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami, Curzon, London, pp. 295–317.
Kitagawa J. (1990), Religion in Japanese Society, Columbia University Press, New York.
Sources of Japanese Tradition (1968), Compiled by Tsunoda, Ryusaku; De Bary, Wm. Theodore; Keene, Donald, Vol. II, Columbia University Press, New York and London.
[Stone J.] (1993), “Of Heretics and Martyrs in Meiji Japan: Buddhism and Its Persecution by James Edward Ketelaar, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1990. Pp. xiv+285”. Reviewed by Jacqueline Stone, Princeton University”, Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies, Vol. 53, No. 2. pp. 582–598. https://doi.org/10.2307/2719461
Walthall A. (2000), “Nativism as a social movement: Katagiri Harukazu and the Hongaku reisha”, in Breen, J. and Teeuwen, M. (Ed.), Shinto in History: Ways of the Kami, Curzon, London, pp. 205–229.
Yonehara Ken (2003), “Nationality and Christianity in Modern Japan: ‘Self’ and ‘Others’ in Japanese Political Thought”, in OSIPP Discussion Paper, June 26, available at: www.osipp.osaka-u.ac.jp/archives/DP/2003/DP2003E006.pdf (accessed July 20, 2014).
Wen xuan (1998), Shanghai guji chubanshe, Shanghai. (In Chinese).
Koshintō-no hon (1997), Gakushū kenkyūsha, Tokyo. (In Japanese).
Kurihara Shigeyuki kōtei (1993), “Honkaku Chishima ibun”, Atomi gakuen joshi daigaku kiyō, No. 26, pp. 105–141. (In Japanese).
Shintō jiten (1999), Kōbundō, Tokyo. (In Japanese).
Shinshūkyō jiten (1990), Kōbundō, Tokyo. (In Japanese).
Hirata Atsutane (1997), “Kodō taii. Tama-no mihashira”, in Hirata Atsutane, Chūōkōronsha, Tokyo. (In Japanese).
Gongyang Zhuan, available at: http://ctext.org/gongyang-zhuan (accessed July 20, 2014).
Guliang Zhuan, available at: http://ctext.org/guliang-zhuan (accessed July 20, 2014).
Zhan Guo Ce, available at: http://ctext.org/zhan-guo-ce (accessed July 20, 2014).
Records of the Warring States, Translated by B. S. Bonsall, available at: http://lib.hku.hk/bonsall/zhanguoce/index1.html (accessed July 20, 2014).
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.