Unknown Photos of Ancient Egyptian Antiquities from the Funds of the National Reserve “Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra”
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.main##
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.sidebar##
Abstract
The article introduces into academic circulation five photos from the funds of the National Reserve “Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra”, which depict ancient Egyptian antiquities. These objects have been attributed in the article. The photo inv. No. KPL-F-11854 presents the outer part of the foot of the wooden anthropoid coffin of the Singer of Amun Khonsuirdis (25th Dynasty, Thebes). Currently, this coffin is in the exposition of the Odesa Archaeological Museum of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (OAM) (Inv. No. 71700), it comes from the collection of the Archaeological Museum at the St. Volodymyr University of Kyiv (Inv. No. 1207). In 1936, the coffin was transferred to the T. Shevchenko Central Historical Museum (CHM). Photo No. KPL-F-11879 shows a wooden rectangular coffin of the qrsw-type, which belonged to Nisupanetcher (26th Dynasty, Akhmim). The artifact originates from the collection of the Kyiv Art, Industrial and Scientific Museum (KAISM) and later came to the CHN. Currently, the object is in the OAM (inv. No. 71701). Photo KPL-N-2712 shows the upper fragment of a female painted cartonage mummy cover, Akhmim, Graeco-Roman period (1 c. BC – 1 c. AD). It comes from the collection of the KAISM, and its subsequent history coincides with the artifacts in the two previous photos, with the difference that in 1956 it was transferred from the Kyiv Historical Museum to the Kyiv Museum of Western and Eastern Art, now the Bohdan and Varvara Khanenko National Museum of Arts, inv. No. 355 ATK MH. The preservation of the object in the photo shows it in a better state of preservation than it has nowadays. The next two photos probably depict Egyptian antiquities from the Lavra Museum of Cults and Life of the All-Ukrainian Museum Town (LMCL AUMT) of the 1920s–1930s and, accordingly, may belong to the former collection of the Church-Archaeological Museum at the Kyiv Theological Academy (CAM KTA). In the photo, inv. No. KPL-F-9137 shows an open showcase with 27 small objects (23 of them are bronze statuettes of gods and animals). Photo KPL-N-2513 shows the other 20 statuettes (some of them are non-Egyptian in origin). On the bases of a number of artifacts, are the tags with numbers that do not coincide with the inv. numbers of the CAM KTA, and therefore can go to LMCL AUMT. Perhaps these photos were taken in the context of the transfer of Egyptian artifacts from the LMCL to the CHM in 1936. However, only a part of the figurines in the photos can be claimed to have entered the collection of the CHM, based on the inv. books of this museum from 1938. Unfortunately, the current location of these statuettes is unknown. They were probably lost during World War II. Therefore, the photos are an invaluable source for further research.
How to Cite
##plugins.themes.bootstrap3.article.details##
ancient Egyptian antiquities; attribution; museum history; National Preserve “Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra”; photographs
Берлев О. Д., Ходжаш С. И. Древнеегипетские памятники из музеев СССР. Каталог выставки. Москва, 1991.
Буравчук О., Тарасенко М. Єгипетська колекція у зібранні Київського художньо-промислового й наукового музею (1903–1915 рр.) // П’яті читання пам’яті М. Ф. Біляшевського. Матеріали наукової конференції 2019 року. Київ, 2020.
Доконт Н. Г. Древнеегипетские памятники в Одесском государственном археологическом музее // Вестник древней истории, 1965, № 2.
Древности Египта. (Киевский музей. Вып. 1). Киев, 1903.
Киевский Художественно-промышленный и научный музей имени Его Величества Государя Императора Николая Александровича. Отдел Археологии. Краткий указатель предметов. Киев, 1906.
Киевский Художественно-промышленный и научный музей имени Государя Императора Николая Александровича. Отдел Археологии. Краткий указатель предметов. Киев, 1911.
Киевский Художественно-промышленный и научный музей имени Государя Императора Николая Александровича. Отдел Археологии. Краткий указатель предметов. Киев, 1913.
Козловська В. Е. Провідник по Археологічному відділу Всеукраїнського історичного музею ім. Т. Шевченка у Києві. Київ, 1928.
Павлов В. В., Ходжаш С. И. Египетская пластика малых форм. Москва, 1985.
Петров Н. И. Указатель Церковно-археологического музея при Киевской Духовной Академии. Изд. 2-е. Киев, 1897.
Радієвська Т., Себта Т., Сорокіна С. Документи свідчать: вивезення на Захід збірок Крайового музею до- і ранньої історії в Києві у 1943–1945 роках // Український археографічний щорічник. Нова серія. Вип. 21/22. Т. 24/25. Київ, 2018.
Романова О. О., Станиціна Г. О. Стародавній Єгипет у Києві: відображення на склі (колекція скляних фотонегативів Наукового архіву Інституту археології НАН України). Київ, 2021.
Себта Т. М., Тарасенко М. О., Сорокіна С. А. Фотонегативи давньоєгипетської збірки Центрального Історичного Музею ім. Т. Г. Шевченка: Рецензія на монографію Романової О. О. і Станиціної Г. О. “Стародавній Єгипет у Києві: відображення на склі (колекція скляних фотонегативів Наукового архіву Інституту археології НАН України)”. Київ, 2021 // Археологія, 2023, № 2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2023.02.055
Тарасенко М. О. Кришка саркофагу єгипетської жриці XXV династії (НКПІКЗ КПЛ-Арх-829) // Сходознавство. № 83. 2019а.
Тарасенко М. О. У пошуках старожитностей з дару хедива. Давньоєгипетські пам’ятники XXI династії в музеях України. Київ, 2019b.
Тураев Б. А. Описание египетских памятников в Русских музеях и собраниях. І–ІV // Записки Восточного отделения Императорского Русского археологического общества. T. XI. 1899.
Центральний історичний музей ім. Т. Г. Шевченка в м. Києві. Короткий довідник. Київ, 1941.
Al-Ayedi A. R. Egyptian Titles oft he Late Period. Am Index of Administrative, Religious and Military Titles. Cairo, 2022.
Berlev O., Hodjash Sv. Catalogue of the Monuments of Ancient Egypt from the Museums of the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Belorussia, Caucasus, Middle Asia and the Baltic States (Orbis Biblicus et Orientales. 17). Freiburg – Göttingen, 1998.
Endrődi J. Statue de bronze d’Onouris et de Mekhit // Bulletin du Musée Hongrois des Beaux-Arts. No. 55. 1980.
Gałczyńska C. Z. Aleksander Branicki (1821–1877). Pierwszy Polski archeolog-amator nad Nilem // Materiały Archeologic. No. 40. 2015.
Gardiner A. H. Egyptian Grammar. Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs. 2nd Ed. London – Oxford, 1957.
Graefe E. “Die Adoption ins Amt der Hzwt njwt Xnw nj jmnw und der Smswt dwAt-nTr (zu Ritners Artikel in GM 164, 1998, 85ff) // Göttinger Miszellen. Beiträge zur ägyptologischen Diskussion. Hft. 166. 1998.
Graefe E. Review on: Berlev, Oleg, Svetlana Hodjash – Catalogue of the Monuments of Ancient Egypt from the Museums of the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Belorussia, Caucasus, Middle Asia and the Baltic States (Orbis Biblicus et Orientales, Band 17). Vandenhoeck & Ruphert, Göttingen 1998 // Bibliotheca Orientalis. T. 57, No. 3–4. 2000.
Grenier J.-Cl. Les bronzes du Museo Gregoriano Egizio. (Aegyptiaca Gregoriana, 5). Città del Vaticano, 2002.
Hannig R. Die Sprache der Pharaonen. Großes Handwörterbuch Ägyptische-Deutsch. 2. Auflage. Mainz am Rhein, 1997.
Jansen-Winkeln K. Inschriften der Spätzeit, Teil III: die 25. Dynastie. Wiesbaden, 2009.
Klische A. “Die Welt bewahren”: Bemerkungen zu den Szenen mit Nut und Geb seit der Dritten Zwischenzeit // Nekropolen: Grab – Bild – Ritual. Beiträge des zweiten Münchner Arbeitskreises Junge Aegyptologie (MAJA 2), 2. bis 4.12.2011 / Ed. by G. Neunert, K. Gabler, A. Verbovsek. Wiesbaden, 2013.
Koch C. “Die den Amun mit ihrer Stimme zufriedenstellen”. Gottesgemahlinnen und Musikerinnen im thebanischen Amun-staat von der 22. bis zur 26. Dynastie. (Studien zu den Ritualszenen altägyptischer Tempel. 27). Hamburg, 2012.
Kucharek A. Mourning and lamentation on coffins // Ancient Egyptian coffins. Craft traditions and functionality / Ed. by J. H. Taylor, M. Vandenbeusch / British Museum Publications on Egypt and Sudan. Vol. 4. Leuven, 2018.
Moret A. Sarcophages de l’époque Bubastite à l’époque Saïte. T. 2. (Catalogue général des antiquités égyptiennes du Musée du Caire: nos 41001–41041. T. 70). Le Caire, 1913.
Müller A. New research on Roman Period mummy masks: the case example of the Budapest Museum of Fine Arts collection // Burial and mortuary practices in Late Period and Graeco-Roman Egypt. Proceedings of the International Conference held at Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest, 17–19 July 2014 / Ed. by K. A. Kóthay. Budapest, 2017.
Müller A. Ägyptens schöne Gesichter: die Mumienmasken der römischen Kaiserzeit und ihre Funktion im Totenritual. (Archäologische Forschungen. 39). Wiesbaden, 2021. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34780/39am-96ag
Naguib S.-A. Le Clergé Féminin d’Amon Thébain à la 21e Dynastie. (Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta. 38). Leuven, 1990.
PN. – Ranke H. Die ägyptischen Personennamen. Bd. I. Glückstadt, 1935.
Riefstahl E. (ed.). Egyptian Sculpture of the Late Period: 700 BC to AD 100. Brooklyn, 1960.
Riggs Chr. The Beautiful Burial in Roman Egypt. Art, Identity, and Funerary Religion. (Oxford Studies in Ancient Culture and Representation). Oxford, 2005.
Ritner R. K. Fictive Adoptions or Celibate Priestesses? // Göttingen Miszellen. Beiträge zur ägyptologischen Diskussion. Hft. 164. 1998.
Roeder G. Ägyptische Bronzewerke. (Pelizaeus-Museum zu Hildesheim. Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichung, 3). Glückstadt, 1937.
Roeder G. Ägyptische Bronzefiguren. Bd. 1–2. (Mitteilungen aus der Ägyptischen Sammlung, 6). Berlin, 1956.
Schmidt W. Sarcophagi, Mummy Coffins, and Mummy Cases in Ancient Egypt, Typological Atlas with Introduction / Transl. by Z. Jonker; Ed. with new notes and indices by J. P. Elias and P. Lacovara. Carlisle (Pennsylvania), 2022.
Sheikholeslami C. M. A Stela of Two Women from Abydos (Cairo JE 21797) // Egyptian Museum Collections around the World / Ed. by M. Eldamaty, M. Trad. Vol. 2. Cairo, 2002.
Spiegelberg W. Zu צָפְנַת פַּעְנֵחַ Gen. 41, 45 // Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde. Bd. 42. 1905. https://doi.org/10.1524/zaes.1905.4142.jg.84
Tarasenko M. Egyptian Mummies in Ukrainian Museums: An Overview // Journal of the Hellenic Institute of Egyptology. Vol. 4. 2021. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5775563
Tarasenko M., Elias J. 25th Dynasty Coffin Types Reconsidered. Typological Analysis of Coffin Lid KPL-Arch-829, National Preserve “Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra”. Carlisle (Pennsylvania), 2023.
Taylor J. H. Egyptian coffins. (Shire Egyptology. 11). Princes Risborough, 1989.
Tiribilli E. The bronze figurines of the Petrie Museum from 2000 BC to AD 400. (GHP Egyptology, 28). London, 2018.
Velde H. te. The theme of the separation of heaven and earth in Egyptian mythology // Studia Aegyptiaca. Vol. 3. Budapest, 1977.
Wb. – Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache / Hrsg. von A. Erman, H. Grapow. Bd. I–V. Berlin, 1955.
REFERENCES
Berlev O. D. and Khodzhash S. I. (1991), Drevneyegipetskiye pamyatniki iz muzeyev SSSR. Katalog vystavki, GMII, Moscow. (In Russian).
Buravchuk O. and Tarasenko M. (2020), “Yehypetska kolektsiia u zibranni Kyivskoho khudozhno-promyslovoho y naukovoho muzeiu (1903–1915 rr.)”, in Piati chytannia pamiati M. F. Biliashevskoho. Materialy naukovoi konferentsii 2019 roku, NAMU, Kyiv, pp. 22–28, 177–178. (In Ukrainian).
Dokont N. G. (1965), “Drevneyegipetskiye pamyatniki v Odesskom gosudarstvennom arkheologicheskom muzeye”, Vestnik drevney istorii, No. 2, pp. 206–212. (In Russian).
Drevnosti Egypta (1903), (Kiyevskiy muzey, Issue 1), Kiev. (In Russian).
Kiyevskiy Khudozhestvenno-promyshlennyy i nauchnyy muzey imeni Ego Velichestva Gosudarya Imperatora Nikolaya Aleksandrovicha. Otdel Arkheologii. Kratkiy ukazatel’ predmetov (1906), Kiev. (In Russian).
Kiyevskiy Khudozhestvenno-promyshlennyy i nauchnyy muzey imeni Gosudarya Imperatora Nikolaya Aleksandrovicha. Otdel Arkheologii. Kratkiy ukazatel’ predmetov (1911), Kiev. (In Russian).
Kiyevskiy Khudozhestvenno-promyshlennyy i nauchnyy muzey imeni Gosudarya Imperatora Nikolaya Aleksandrovicha. Otdel Arkheologii. Kratkiy ukazatel’ predmetov (1913), Kiev. (In Russian).
Kozlovska V. E. (1928), Providnyk po Arkheolohichnomu viddilu Vseukrainskoho istorychnoho muzeiu im. T. Shevchenka u Kyievi, Kyiv. (In Ukrainian).
Pavlov V. V. and Khodzhash S. I. (1985), Egipetskaya plastika malykh form, Iskusstvo, Moscow. (In Russian).
Petrov N. I. (1897), Ukazatel’ Tserkovno-arkheologicheskogo muzeya pri Kiyevskoy Dukhovnoy Akademii, 2nd ed., Kiev. (In Russian).
Radiievska T., Sebta T. and Sorokina S. (2018), “Dokumenty svidchat: vyvezennia na Zakhid zbirok Kraiovoho muzeiu do- i rannoi istorii v Kyievi u 1943–1945 rokakh”, Ukrainskyi arkheohrafichnyi shchorichnyk. Nova seriia, Issue 21/22, Vol. 24/25, pp. 799–860. (In Ukrainian).
Romanova O. O. and Stanytsina H. O. (2021), Starodavnii Yehypet u Kyievi: vidobrazhennia na skli (kolektsiia sklianykh fotonehatyviv Naukovoho arkhivu Instytutu arkheolohii NAN Ukrainy), Instytut arkheolohii NAN Ukrayiny, Kyiv. (In Ukrainian).
Sebta T. M., Tarasenko M. O. and Sorokina S. A. (2023), “Fotonehatyvy davnoiehypetskoi zbirky Tsentralnoho Istorychnoho Muzeiu im. T. H. Shevchenka: Retsenziia na monohrafiiu Romanovoi O. O. i Stanytsіnoi H. O. ‘Starodavnii Yehypet u Kyievi: vidobrazhennia na skli (kolektsiia sklianykh fotonehatyviv Naukovoho arkhivu Instytutu arkheolohii NAN Ukrainy)’. Kyiv, 2021”, Arheologia, No. 2, pp. 55–97. (In Ukrainian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/arheologia2023.02.055
Tarasenko M. O. (2019a), “Kryshka sarkofahu yehypetskoi zhrytsi XXV dynastii (NKPIKZ KPL-Arkh-829)”, Shodoznavstvo, No. 83, pp. 69–100. (In Ukrainian). DOI: https://doi.org/10.15407/skhodoznavstvo2019.01.069
Tarasenko M. O. (2019b), U poshukakh starozhytnostei z daru khedyva. Davnoiehypetski pamiatnyky XXI dynastii v muzeiakh Ukrainy, A. Yu. Krymskyi Institute of Oriental Studies, Kyiv. (In Ukrainian).
Turayev B. A. (1899), “Opisaniye egipetskikh pamyatnikov v Russkikh muzeyakh i sobraniyakh. І–ІV”, Zapiski Vostochnogo otdeleniya Imperatorskogo Russkogo arkheologicheskogo obshchestva, T. XI, pp. 115–164. (In Russian).
Tsentralnyi istorychnyi muzei im. T. H. Shevchenka v m. Kyievi. Korotkyi dovidnyk (1941), Radianska shkola, Kyiv. (In Ukrainian).
Al-Ayedi A. R. (2022), Egyptian Titles of the Late Period. Am Index of Administrative, Religious and Military Titles, Obelisk Publications, Cairo.
Berlev O. and Hodjash Sv. (1998), Catalogue of the Monuments of Ancient Egypt from the Museums of the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Belorussia, Caucasus, Middle Asia and the Baltic States, (Orbis Biblicus et Orientales, 17), University Press and Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, Freiburg and Göttingen.
Endrődi J. (1980), “Statue de bronze d’Onouris et de Mekhit”, Bulletin du Musée Hongrois des Beaux-Arts, No. 55, pp. 9–16, 105–110.
Gałczyńska C. Z. (2015), “Aleksander Branicki (1821–1877). Pierwszy Polski archeolog-amator nad Nilem”, Materiały Archeologiczne, No. 40, pp. 271–298.
Gardiner A. H. (1957), Egyptian Grammar. Being an Introduction to the Study of Hieroglyphs, 2nd ed., Griffith Institute, London and Oxford.
Graefe E. (1998), “Die Adoption ins Amt der Hzwt njwt Xnw nj jmnw und der Smswt dwAt-nTr (zu Ritners Artikel in GM 164, 1998, 85ff)”, Göttinger Miszellen. Beiträge zur ägyptologischen Diskussion, Hft. 166, pp. 109–112.
Graefe E. (2000), “Review on: Berlev, Oleg, Svetlana Hodjash – Catalogue of the Monuments of Ancient Egypt from the Museums of the Russian Federation, Ukraine, Belorussia, Caucasus, Middle Asia and the Baltic States (Orbis Biblicus et Orientales, Band 17). Vandenhoeck & Ruphert, Göttingen 1998”, Bibliotheca Orientalis, T. 57, No. 3–4, pp. 341–346.
Grenier J.-Cl. (2002), Les bronzes du Museo Gregoriano Egizio, (Aegyptiaca Gregoriana, 5), Monumenti, Musei e Gallerie Pontificie, Città del Vaticano.
Hannig R. (1997), Die Sprache der Pharaonen. Großes Handwörterbuch Ägyptische-Deutsch, 2. Auflage, Philipp von Zabern, Mainz am Rhein.
Jansen-Winkeln K. (2009), Inschriften der Spätzeit, Teil III: die 25. Dynastie, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden.
Klische A. (2013), “ ‘Die Welt bewahren’: Bemerkungen zu den Szenen mit Nut und Geb seit der Dritten Zwischenzeit”, in G. Neunert, K. Gabler and A. Verbovsek (eds), Nekropolen: Grab – Bild – Ritual. Beiträge des zweiten Münchner Arbeitskreises Junge Aegyptologie (MAJA 2), 2. bis 4.12.2011, Harrassowitz Verlag, Wiesbaden, pp. 113–125.
Koch C. (2012), “Die den Amun mit ihrer Stimme zufriedenstellen”. Gottesgemahlinnen und Musikerinnen im thebanischen Amunstaat von der 22. bis zur 26. Dynastie, Studien zu den Ritualszenen altägyptischer Tempel, Bd. 27, J. H. Röll, Hamburg.
Kucharek A. (2018), “Mourning and lamentation on coffins”, in J. H. Taylor and M. Vandenbeusch (eds), Ancient Egyptian coffins. Craft traditions and functionality, British Museum Publications on Egypt and Sudan, 4, Peeters, Leuven, pp. 77–118. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv1q26z97.11
Moret A. (1913), Sarcophages de l’époque Bubastite à l’époque Saïte, T. 2, (Catalogue général des antiquités égyptiennes du Musée du Caire: nos 41001–41041, T. 70), Imprimerie de l’Institut Français d’Archéologie Orientale, Le Caire.
Müller A. (2017), “New research on Roman Period mummy masks: the case example of the Budapest Museum of Fine Arts collection”, in K. A. Kóthay (ed.), Burial and mortuary practices in Late Period and Graeco-Roman Egypt: proceedings of the international conference held at Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest, 17–19 July 2014, Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest, pp. 293–306.
Müller A. (2021), Ägyptens schöne Gesichter: die Mumienmasken der römischen Kaiserzeit und ihre Funktion im Totenritual, (Archäologische Forschungen, 39), Reichert, Wiesbaden. DOI: https://doi.org/10.34780/39am-96ag
Naguib S.-A. (1990), Le Clergé Féminin d’Amon Thébain à la 21e Dynastie, Orientalia Lovaniensia Analecta, T. 38, Peeters Publishers, Leuven.
PN. – Ranke H. (1935), Die ägyptischen Personennamen, Bd. I, J. J. Augustin, Glückstadt.
Riefstahl E. (ed.) (1960), Egyptian sculpture of the Late Period: 700 BC to AD 100, Brooklyn Museum, Brooklyn.
Riggs Chr. (2005), The Beautiful Burial in Roman Egypt. Art, Identity, and Funerary Religion, (Oxford Studies in Ancient Culture and Representation), Oxford University Press, Oxford. https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199276653.001.0001
Ritner R. K. (1998), “Fictive Adoptions or Celibate Priestesses?”, Göttingen Miszellen. Beiträge zur ägyptologischen Diskussion, Hft. 164, pp. 85–90.
Roeder G. (1937), Ägyptische Bronzewerke, (Pelizaeus-Museum zu Hildesheim: Wissenschaftliche Veröffentlichung, 3), J. J. Augustin, Glückstadt.
Roeder G. (1956), Ägyptische Bronzefiguren, 2 vols, (Mitteilungen aus der Ägyptischen Sammlung, 6), Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, Berlin.
Schmidt W. (2022), Sarcophagi, Mummy Coffins, and Mummy Cases in Ancient Egypt, Typological Atlas with Introduction; Transl. by Z. Jonker, Ed. with new notes and indices by J. P. Elias and P. Lacovara, Pendici Publishing, Carlisle (Pennsylvania).
Sheikholeslami C. M. (2002), “A Stela of Two Women from Abydos (Cairo JE 21797)”, in M. Eldamaty and M. Trad (eds), Egyptian Museum Collections around the World, Vol. 2, Supreme Council of Antiquities, Cairo, pp. 1109–1118.
Spiegelberg W. (1905), “Zu צָפְנַת פַּעְנֵחַ Gen. 41, 45”, Zeitschrift für ägyptische Sprache und Altertumskunde, Bd. 42, pp. 84–85. https://doi.org/10.1524/zaes.1905.4142.jg.84
Tarasenko M. (2021), “Egyptian Mummies in Ukrainian Museums: An Overview”, Journal of the Hellenic Institute of Egyptology, Vol. 4, pp. 145–150. DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.5775563
Tarasenko M. and Elias J. (2023), 25th Dynasty Coffin Types Reconsidered. Typological Analysis of Coffin Lid KPL-Arch-829, National Preserve “Kyiv-Pechersk Lavra”, Pendici Publishing, Carlisle (Pennsylvania).
Taylor J. H. (1989), Egyptian coffins, (Shire Egyptology, 11), Shire Publications, Princes Risborough.
Tiribilli E. (2018), The bronze figurines of the Petrie Museum from 2000 BC to AD 400, (GHP Egyptology, 28), Golden House, London.
Velde H. te (1977), “The theme of the separation of heaven and earth in Egyptian mythology”, in Studia Aegyptiaca, Vol. 3, pp. 161–170.
Wb. – Erman A. and Grapow H. (eds) (1955), Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, Bd. I–V, Akademie Verlag, Berlin.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.