NEPALESE BUDDHISM AND THE STATE: IN SEARCH OF COMPROMISE AND MUTUAL LEGITIMATION
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Abstract
The article reveals a number of aspects of the interaction of the sanguine and state power in Nepal during the Middle Ages and the beginning of the New Age. Particular attention is paid to such issues as the social organization of vihars, the identity of the community of sangha in the conditions of change in the state and society. The author emphasizes that such phenomena as the influence of Tantrism and sanskritiztion determined the policy of the state regarding the Nepali sangha. These processes are analyzed on the example of a series of reforms that concerned the sangha and were introduced by the monarchs, in particular the reforms of Prince of Lalitpur Siddhi Narasimha Malla in the 17th century. Nepalese sangha went through a complex path of transformation, when it had to adapt to the Hindu cult of his kings, while legitimizing the power of the ruler as a defender of the dharma. Also, attention is paid to the fundamental transformations that the Nepalese society has undergone in connection with the creation of a large single kingdom by the Shah dynasty after 1769, resulting in a slight decrease in the influence of Buddhism in Nepal. But even in the most difficult period for the sangha, during the time of the Hindu conservatives Rana (1846–1951), when the state support of the monasteries was significantly reduced, Buddhism in Nepal was able to adapt and survive, preserving the ancient traditions, practices and texts of the Indian Mahayana, the heir to which the Nepalese Buddhism is.
How to Cite
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Buddhism, Nepal, sangha, socio-religious processes, state
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