ТЮРКО-СЛОВ’ЯНСЬКА БІЛІНГВА ЧИ ЦЕРКОВНОСЛОВ’ЯНСЬКИЙ ТЕКСТ? (ПИТАННЯ ПРАВИЛЬНОСТІ ПРОЧИТАННЯ НАПИСУ № 153 НА ФРЕСЦІ ІЗ ЗОБРАЖЕННЯМ СВ. ОНУФРІЯ В СОФІЇ КИЇВСЬКІЙ)

V. Korniyenko

doi:10.15407/orientw2019.04.062

TURKIC-SLAVIC BILINGUALISM OR CHURCH SLAVONIC TEXT? (THE QUESTION OF INTERPRETATION ACCURACY OF THE GRAFFITI #153 ON THE FRESCO DEPICTING ST. ONUPHRIUS IN ST. SOPHIA CATHEDRAL)

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https://doi.org/10.15407/orientw2019.04.062

V. Korniyenko

“Sophia of Kyiv” National Conservation Area

Abstract

The article is devoted to the publication of the newest results of the study of graffiti inscription dated back to the second half of the 11th and early 12th centuries, which was scratched on the fresco depicting St. Onuphrius in the former southern outer gallery of St. Sophia Cathedral in Kyiv (now – Apostolic side-altar). During the graffiti examination in the 1970s, Sergiy Vysotsky has defined it as an inscription of obit character on the death of Kyush, the priest in-chief of Bila Vezha. The author of graffiti accused Ivan to be guilty before God and Saint Onuphrius. The inscription was considered by the researcher as totally Church Slavonic text. In the 1980s, Omeljan Pritsak has carried out a re-examination of the graffiti published by Vysotsky. The scientist came into the conclusion that the “obscure places” (unclarity) of the researched graffiti marked by the publisher are in fact the words of the language of Torks, settled by the Ruthenian princes on the southern borders of Chernigiv principality in the region of the annalistic Bila Vezha. The attribution of certain components of the text to the Torks words written in Cyrillic script gave the reason for the researcher to consider the graffiti as a Turkic-Slavic bilingualism, the only written monument of the Torks language of that time. The text itself was interpreted as an obit record, which narrated about the death of the nomads authority (“their pagans” or “chorni klobuky”) – the brothers Tetyuk Klyuch and Ivan Chor in the battle in the region of Bila Vezha in 1085, mentioned in “The Homilies of Volodymyr Monomakh”. According to O. Pritsak, the inscription on the wall of the St. Sophia Cathedral was performed by the son of Ivan Chor and the nephew of Tetiuk Kuch, since this last-mentioned was a representative of the clergy ‒ “the priest in-chief of Bila Vezha”, so he could not have children. O. Pritsak also assumed that the author of graffiti was also a cleric. The author’s modern research of the original inscription on the fresco depicting St. Onuphrius made it possible to ascertain that the text was scratched exclusively in Church Slavonic language by a professional scribe of St. Sophia as evidenced from the peculiarities of the letters design inherent to the book monuments of that period. The text narrated about the death of Kyush the priest in-chief of Bila Vezha, that happened because of kidnap of unnamed woman by the person who was called by the author in patronymic of pagan and Christian names – Byakach/Ivanuch. Accordingly, the only Turkic elements of the inscription are two personal names mentioned in the text. Nevertheless, the graffiti is an important testimony of the Torks history of the 11th century.

How to Cite

Korniyenko, V. (2019). TURKIC-SLAVIC BILINGUALISM OR CHURCH SLAVONIC TEXT? (THE QUESTION OF INTERPRETATION ACCURACY OF THE GRAFFITI #153 ON THE FRESCO DEPICTING ST. ONUPHRIUS IN ST. SOPHIA CATHEDRAL). The World of the Orient, (4 (105), 62-71. https://doi.org/10.15407/orientw2019.04.062

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