Vietnam-Siam Relations in the Pre-Colonial Period (1835–1848): From Confrontation to Dialogue
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Abstract
The article draws upon a comparative analysis of multiple sources from Vietnam, Siam (Thailand), Cambodia, and international documents to systematically and objectively reconstruct the trilateral relationship between Vietnam, Cambodia, and Siam during the period 1835–1848. This era followed the political upheavals after the first war, when Vietnam achieved victory and established direct control over Cambodia through the establishment of Tay Thanh garrison, simultaneously eliminating Siamese influence in the region. Confronted with the rise of Dai Nam, the Rama III dynasty of Siam – as an emerging regional power – deployed interventionist activities aimed at restoring its influence, including supporting opposition forces in Cambodia. The confrontation between the two largest powers on the Indochinese Peninsula reignited in 1841, after Dai Nam decided to withdraw its troops from Tay Thanh. The second war lasted from 1842 to 1845, unfolding across a vast territory stretching from Nam Ky (Dai Nam) through Cambodia to the present-day borders of Siam. A notable feature of this period was the progression of all three parties – Dai Nam, Cambodia, and Siam – toward signing a ceasefire agreement in 1845. The treaty not only marked mutual recognition among the three neighboring nations but also contributed to establishing relatively clear national boundaries before Western colonialism penetrated the region.
How to Cite
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Cambodia; confrontation; Dai Nam (Vietnam); dialogue; Indochinese Peninsula; pre-colonial; Siam
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