ТУРЕЦЬКІ ВІЙСЬКОВОПОЛОНЕНІ В СТОКГОЛЬМІ ПІД ЧАС ВЕЛИКОЇ ПІВНІЧНОЇ ВІЙНИ

H. Henriksson

doi:10.15407/orientw2020.01.021

THE TURKISH PRISONERS OF WAR IN STOCKHOLM DURING THE GREAT NORTHERN WAR

PDF (Українська)

https://doi.org/10.15407/orientw2020.01.021

H. Henriksson

ArkivCentrum Örebro län

Abstract

The article is devoted to previously unknown nuances of the history of about 50 Turkish pri-soners of war, who during the years 1704–1714 managed to escape from their long-time Russian captivity to Sweden. They preceded the more known Turks – the so-called “Turkish creditors” – that arrived in Sweden after years spent by King Charles XII’s in the Ottoman Empire. The contacts between Sweden and the Ottoman Porte were scarce at the beginning of the Great Northern War and the arrival of the first Turkish prisoners of war in 1704 created a delicate problem for the Swedish authorities in Stockholm. King Charles XII was abroad since the start of the war in 1700 and the Royal Senate in Stockholm most often had to decide and act without consulting their far-away sovereign. Their ways how to handle and treat these Turks also shifted drastically over the years, from the first ones to the last ones ten years later. It is obvious that the major shift came after the battle of Poltava and King Charles XII’s long stay in Bender and the Ottoman Empire. At first they were treated more or less like any of the other arriving prisoners of war and thus also receiving the daily allowance. The allowance was later withdrawn and the Turks had to try to support themselves, which turned out to be hard. However, the daily allowance was returned to the Turks that arrived later when the Swedes tried to build good relations with the Ottoman Porte. And after the battle of Poltava, the arriving Turks were treated as important guests and received generous daily support.
All of the Turkish prisoners of war had been captured already in the mid-1690s, some at the Ottoman and Crimean Khanate territories along the lower Dnipro River such as at the capture of Gazi-kerman in 1695, some on the Black Sea coast and some probably also in and around Azov.
Most of the Turkish prisoners of war were common soldiers but some were janissaries and one was a captain named Mustafa Hüseyin and another was a “Turkish priest” named Musa Mustafa.
All of the Turkish prisoners of war left Sweden after some time. However, it was not an easy task to organise a safe journey home to Ottoman territories. The Swedish authorities in Stockholm often suggested that the Turks should take the route over Holland. In one case it was even suggested by the Turks themselves that they could finance the journey by letting themselves to be exchanged for enslaved Christians in Turkey. Another possible way of returning was to travel by land via Poland to Ottoman territories, but it was probably not seen as the safest route.

How to Cite

Henriksson, H. (2020). THE TURKISH PRISONERS OF WAR IN STOCKHOLM DURING THE GREAT NORTHERN WAR. The World of the Orient, (1 (106), 21-54. https://doi.org/10.15407/orientw2020.01.021

Article views: 83 | PDF Downloads: 380

Keywords

Azov campaigns (1695–1696), Charles XII, Gazi-kerman, Great Northern War (1700–1721), Ottoman Empire, prisoners of war, Russia, Russo-Turkish War (1686–1700), Sweden

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