МОНГОЛЬСЬКА ЕКСПАНСІЯ І П’ЯТИЙ ХРЕСТОВИЙ ПОХІД У ЛАТИНСЬКИХ ДЖЕРЕЛАХ 1221 РОКУ
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Анотація
Перші згадки монголів у латинських джерелах з’являються в 1221 році. В уявленні авторів цих джерел, армія монголів складалася з хрещених кочівників і очолювалася таким собі Давидом, “царем Індій”, головним прагненням якого було прийти на допомогу християнам Близького Сходу та “звільнити” Єрусалим від мусульманського правління. Безперечно, під звершеннями “царя Давида” латинські джерела розуміли першу західну кампанію монголів на чолі з Чингізханом.
На цей момент достеменно відомо, що основна частина кочівників армії Чингізхана не дотримувалася християнської релігії, а підрозділи монголів на чолі з Джебе і Субедеєм були спрямовані Чингізханом на захід у погоню за колишнім хорезмійським султаном Мухаммедом, а не для “визволення” Єрусалима або надання якоїсь відчутної підтримки близькосхідним християнам.
Таким чином, ранні латинські відомості про монголів містять порівняно точний опис західних завоювань Чингізхана, але подають специфічне пояснення причин монгольської експансії, яке не відповідає історичній дійсності. Ця стаття являє собою спробу пояснення цього спотворення дійсності.
Як цитувати
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Єрусалим, Джебе, Монгольська експансія, п’ятий хрестовий похід, Субедей, Чингізхан
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